Invasive Plant Control Database

Welcome to the Invasive Plant Control Database

This website contains information on how to control many invasive plants common to the Midwestern United States. Information was collected from both scientific literature and expert opinions and summarized by the Midwest Invasive Plant Network (MIPN), in partnership with the Mark Renz lab from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Methods that are uncommon, do not provide sufficient control, or lack information for determining effectiveness on target species are omitted. For each species, information was reviewed by four individuals, including two identified as experts on control of that species. Information is searchable by several fields to improve the user’s ability to find pertinent information. To view the search feature, you must first select an invasive plant. Additionally, users have the option of entering personal experiences with managing specific species (see “add new case studies” under search results). These case studies will be visible to all users once verified by MIPN staff.

We make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability with respect to the information or products on the website. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk. References to pesticide products on this website are for your convenience and are not an endorsement or guarantee of one product over another.

Step 1: Select Plant

Step 1: Select a species by choosing a common or scientific name from the list, or by typing a name in the search box.

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Step 2: Select Search Parameters

Step 2: Select search parameter(s) of interest. If no parameters are selected all control methods will be displayed. For effectiveness ratings, methods that meet or exceed the criteria selected will be displayed.

Under the Search Results you will find

Plant Identification information – information on species identification, including photographs and a current distribution map.
Ecological Threats – threats posed to natural ecosystems by this species.
Case Studies – Detailed success (and failures) on how to control specific species contributed by experienced personnel.
Non-chemical and chemical control methods that fit the selected search criteria. Please note you are responsible for using pesticides in accordance with the label directions and state and federal laws. Herbicide availability and registered uses vary from state to state. Contact your state department of agriculture for information on the correct use and licensing required for any pesticide application.

You may reset the search criteria or the species you have selected at any time by selecting the corresponding links on the right hand side of the page.

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Non-Chemical controls

New (Type)	Description
Type - Mowing User Type - Novice Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Mowing removes aboveground growth of established plants and prevents additional seed production, but rarely kills plants, as established plants persist after mowing for many years. Combining mowing with another technique (such as herbicide) is recommended because of black locust's tendency to resprout. If seeds are present when removed, avoid movement off-site unless material can be transported without spreading seed to other locations.
Type - Prescribed burning User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Spring burns can kill germinating seedlings and suppress aboveground growth of established plants depending on fire intensity. After the fire, established plants will quickly and vigorously resprout; this management method is not recommended unless integrated with other techniques. A hand-held propane torch can be effective for treating seedlings.
Type - Removal User Type - Novice Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Most appropriate for seedlings and young trees that have not developed an extensive system of rhizomes. Older stands of trees grow clonally and unless all plant material is removed the remaining material will resprout and sucker. To clear a large stand of mature trees, heavy equipment (e.g. bulldozer) is necessary. Monitoring and management will be required at the site following removal.
Type - Grazing User Type - Novice Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Can suppress aboveground growth when grazed, especially during mid-season. Success is dependent on the ability of animals to actively feed on stems and disrupt aboveground growth. Shoots will resprout and require additional management, especially in dense stands. Black locust bark can poison animals if it becomes too great a percentage of their diet. When grazing animals on black locust ensure that other forages are included in sufficient amounts to prevent any toxicity.
Type - Manipulation of the environment User Type - Novice Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	A well established grass or shrub layer can suppress establishment of seedlings. Avoid disturbing the soil as this typically favors black locust colonization.
Type - Girdling User Type - Novice Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Effective at suppressing aboveground growth of large trees in locations where the use of herbicides is not practical. Using a hand axe, make a cut through the bark encircling the base of the tree, 6" above the ground. Ensure that the cut goes beyond the cambium layer for effective control. This method will kill only the aboveground portion of the tree: shoots will resprout, and require follow-up treatments.

Chemical controls

New (Type)	Ingredients	Directions
Type - Foliar User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): aminopyralid Common product name: Milestone	Rate - (broadcast) 7 fl oz/A (0.1 lb a.e./A) (spot) Equivalent to broadcast rates. Timing - Apply when target species is actively growing and fully leafed out. Remarks - 14 fl oz/A can be used as long as less than half of the area is treated. Depending on the volume of solution applied per acre, typical mixtures for spot treatments are 2-8 mL Milestone per gallon of water. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Remains in soil for up to one year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Foliar User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): clopyralid Common product name: Transline	Rate - (broadcast) 16 - 21 fl oz/A (0.4 - 0.5 lb a.e./A) (spot) 0.5 - 1.5% (0.015 - 0.05 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply when target species is actively growing and fully leafed out. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination. Remains in soil for up to one year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Foliar User Type - Novice Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): glyphosate Common product name: Roundup Pro; many others (Aquatic: Rodeo; AquaNeat)	Rate - (broadcast) 1.75 - 3.5 lb a.e./A (spot) For a 3 lb a.e./gal product. 5 - 6% (0.15 - 0.18 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply when target species is actively growing and fully leafed out. Caution - Use product labeled for aquatic use if potential exists for solution to contact surface waters. Applications can result in bare ground as glyphosate is not selective. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants.
Type - Foliar User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): imazapyr Common product name: Arsenal; Stalker (Aquatic: Habitat; Imazapyr 2sl)	Rate - (broadcast) 32 - 96 fl oz/A (0.5 - 1.5 lb a.e./A) (spot) 0.5 - 2% (0.01 - 0.04 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply when target species is actively growing and fully leafed out. Caution - Use product labeled for aquatic use if potential exists for solution to contact surface waters. Applications can result in bare ground as imazapyr is not selective and can remain in the soil for several months to over a year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants.
Type - Foliar User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): metsulfuron Common product name: Escort XP; Ally XP	Rate - (broadcast) 1 - 3 oz/A (0.6 - 1.8 oz a.i./A) (spot) 0.04 oz/gal (0.02 oz a.i./gal) Timing - Apply when target species is actively growing and fully leafed out. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Remains in the soil for months depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants.
Type - Foliar User Type - Novice Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): triclopyr Common product name: Garlon 4; Element 4 (Aquatic: Garlon 3A; Element 3A)	Rate - (broadcast) 128 - 256 fl oz/A (4 - 8 lb a.e./A) (spot) 2 - 4% (0.08 - 0.16 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply when target species is actively growing and fully leafed out. Caution - Use product labeled for aquatic use if potential exists for solution to contact surface waters. Use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants.
Type - Foliar User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): picloram + 2,4-D Common product name: Tordon 101	Rate - (broadcast) 128 fl oz/A (picloram: 0.54 lb a.e./A + 2,4-D: 2 lb a.e./A) (spot) Equivalent to broadcast rates. Timing - Apply when target species is actively growing and fully leafed out. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination. Remains in the soil for over one year depending on application rate and has the potential to contaminate surface runoff water during this timeframe. Maintenance of a vegetative buffer strip is recommended between the areas this product is applied and surface water features. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Cut stump User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): aminopyralid + triclopyr Common product name: Milestone VM Plus; Capstone	Rate - (spot) 100% (aminopyralid: 0.1 lb a.e./gal + triclopyr: 1 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Aminopyralid remains in the soil for up to one year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Cut stump User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): clopyralid Common product name: Transline; Stinger	Rate - (spot) 50% (1.5 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination. Remains in soil for up to one year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Cut stump User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): imazapyr Common product name: Stalker (Aquatic: Habitat; Imazapyr 2sl)	Rate - (spot) 6 - 12% (0.12 - 0.25 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Remarks - Products containing this active ingredient can have different instructions for mixing. Labels will recommend mixing the product in a water or oil based carrier (e.g. basal bark oil). Consult the label to determine the appropriate carrier. Caution - Use product labeled for aquatic use if potential exists for solution to contact surface waters. Applications can result in bare ground as imazapyr is not selective and can remain in the soil for several months to over a year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants.
Type - Cut stump User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): picloram + 2,4-D Common product name: Pathway; Tordon RTU	Rate - (spot) 100% (picloram: 3% + 2,4-D: 11.2%) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination. Remains in the soil for over one year depending on application rate and has the potential to contaminate surface runoff water during this timeframe. Maintenance of a vegetative buffer strip is recommended between the areas this product is applied and surface water features. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Cut stump User Type - Novice Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): Triclopyr + 2,4-D Common product name: Crossbow; Chaser	Rate - (spot) 4% in oil (triclopyr: 0.04 lb a.e./gal + 2,4-D: 0.08 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants.
Type - Cut stump User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): aminopyralid Common product name: Milestone	Rate - (spot) 10% (0.2 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Remains in soil for up to one year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Cut stump User Type - Novice Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): glyphosate Common product name: Roundup Pro; many others (Aquatic: Rodeo; AquatNeat)	Rate - (spot) For a 3 lb a.e./gal product. 20 - 50% (0.6 - 1.5 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Use product labeled for aquatic use if potential exists for solution to contact surface waters. Applications can result in bare ground as glyphosate is not selective. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants.
Type - Cut stump User Type - Novice Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): triclopyr Common product name: Garlon 4; Element 4 (Aquatic: Garlon 3A; Element 3A)	Rate - (spot) 20 - 30% in oil (0.8 - 1.2 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Remarks - Products containing this active ingredient can have different instructions for mixing. Labels will recommend mixing the product in a water or oil based carrier (e.g. basal bark oil). Consult the label to determine the appropriate carrier. Caution - Use product labeled for aquatic use if potential exists for solution to contact surface waters. Use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants.
Type - Hack-and-squirt User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): aminopyralid Common product name: Milestone VM	Rate - (spot) 10% (0.2 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Remains in soil for up to one year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Hack-and-squirt User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): aminopyralid + triclopyr Common product name: Milestone VM Plus; Capstone	Rate - (spot) 100% (aminopyralid: 0.1 lb a.e./gal + triclopyr: 1 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Aminopyralid remains in soil for up to one year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Hack-and-squirt User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): imazapyr Common product name: Stalker (Aquatic: Habitat; Imazapyr 2sl)	Rate - (spot) 6 - 12% (0.12 - 0.25 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Remarks - Products containing this active ingredient can have different instructions for mixing. Labels will recommend mixing the product in a water or oil based carrier (e.g. basal bark oil). Consult the label to determine the appropriate carrier. Caution - Use product labeled for aquatic use if potential exists for solution to contact surface waters. Applications can result in bare ground as imazapyr is not selective and can remain in the soil for several months to over a year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants.
Type - Hack-and-squirt User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): clopyralid Common product name: Transline; Stinger	Rate - (spot) 50% (1.5 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination. Remains in soil for up to one year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Basal bark User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): aminopyralid Common product name: Milestone VM	Rate - (spot) 0.5 - 5% in oil (0.01 - 0.1 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Remains in soil for up to one year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Basal bark User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): clopyralid Common product name: Transline; Stinger	Rate - (spot) 5 - 10% in oil (0.15 - 0.3 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination. Remains in soil for up to one year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Basal bark User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): imazapyr Common product name: Stalker (Aquatic: Habitat; Imazapyr 2sl)	Rate - (spot) 6 - 9% in oil (0.12 - 0.2 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Remarks - Products containing this active ingredient can have different instructions for mixing. Labels will recommend mixing the product in a water or oil based carrier (e.g. basal bark oil). Consult the label to determine the appropriate carrier. Caution - Use product labeled for aquatic use if potential exists for solution to contact surface waters. Applications can result in bare ground as imazapyr is not selective and can remain in the soil for several months to over a year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants.
Type - Basal bark User Type - Novice Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): triclopyr Common product name: Garlon 4; Element 4 (Aquatic: Garlon 3A; Element 3A)	Rate - (spot) 20 - 30% in oil (0.8 - 1.2 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Remarks - Products containing this active ingredient can have different instructions for mixing. Labels will recommend mixing the product in a water or oil based carrier (e.g. basal bark oil). Consult the label to determine the appropriate carrier. Caution - Use product labeled for aquatic use if potential exists for solution to contact surface waters. Use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants.
Type - Basal bark User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): dicamba Common product name: Banvel; Clarity	Rate - (spot) 25 - 50% in oil and water (1 - 2 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Remarks - Products containing this active ingredient can have different instructions for mixing. Labels will recommend mixing the product in a water or oil based carrier (e.g. basal bark oil) or both. Consult the label to determine the appropriate carrier. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Rates > 16oz/A (0.5 lb a.e./A) may cause stunting and discoloration of sensitive grasses, such as smooth brome.
Type - Girdling User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): aminopyralid Common product name: Milestone VM	Rate - (spot) 10% (0.2 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Remains in soil for up to one year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Girdling User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): aminopyralid + triclopyr Common product name: Milestone VM Plus; Capstone	Rate - (spot) 100% (aminopyralid: 0.1 lb a.e./gal + triclopyr: 1 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Aminopyralid remains in soil for up to one year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.
Type - Girdling User Type - Professional Effectiveness - in season 1 2 3 4 year after treatment 1 2 3 4	Active Ingredient (A.I.): clopyralid Common product name: Transline; Stinger	Rate - (spot) 10 - 20% (0.3 - 0.6 lb a.e./gal) Timing - Apply any time of year. Caution - Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present. Use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination. Remains in soil for up to one year depending on application rate. Overspray or drift to desirable plants should be avoided, as even minute quantities of the spray may cause severe injury to plants. Do not compost treated plants as herbicide can persist through composting process.

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Invasive Plant Control Database

Welcome to the Invasive Plant Control Database